This doctoral thesis presents a comprehensive investigation into the neurobiological correlates of trauma and resilience. Traumatic experiences are known to have profound and lasting effects on individuals, often leading to a range of psychological and physiological disorders. However, not all individuals who experience trauma develop these adverse outcomes; some display remarkable resilience. This thesis aims to unravel the intricate neurobiological mechanisms underlying trauma and resilience, shedding light on the factors that contribute to divergent outcomes following traumatic events. Through an extensive review of existing literature, empirical studies, and cutting-edge methodologies, this research endeavors to provide a comprehensive understanding of the neural underpinnings of trauma and resilience.